Why is it important to show obedience to your parents? Have you ever wondered if something you did (or something someone did to you) was the reason God allowed you to experience suffering? Dont waste Your Time Searching For a Sample, Cultural Diversity in Music and its positive and negative effects on Society, The Positive and Negative Effects of Technology on Society and the Individual, The Controversial Issue of the Positive and Negative Influence and Effects of Violence in TV Shows on Crime in Society, A Research Study On The Basic Positive And Negative Effects Of Gaming, The Positive and Negative effects of the Industrial Revolution, The Positive and Negative Effects of Russian Industrialization, Positive and Negative effects of Plastic Surgery, Positive and Negative Effects of Longer Living, The Positive and Negative Effects of Using Cell phones During Class Hours. This movie, Studying obedience to authority most often reveals human nature repugnantly; however, it teaches society individual capability and, thus, it can prevent unethical actions. Be respectful. In this upcoming year, how might God be calling to you to go, and use your past for a specific purpose to glorify Him? / MoneyWatch. Here are some ways our essay examples library can help you with your assignment: Read our Academic Honor Code for more information on how to use (and how not to use) our library. The most distinctive feature of the social-psychological approach to obedience is the primary role it accords to situational determinants. By and by the condition that Jews have dependably been viewed as a "minority" was the premises of them being the country that was significantly touched by the Holocaust. Blind obedience is when we follow someones orders that we know are not correct and are unethical. Participative (democratic) - This type of authority means the leader would include one or more employees in the decision making process, the leader would have final decision. to view the complete essay. During the Holocaust, the factors that contribute to people to blindly obey are that it is ingrain that everyone must have obedience towards authority, it fulfills psychological needs and fear of the result of not obeying authority. Check out our Privacy and Content Sharing policies for more information.). An analysis of the examples of blind obedience by the characters in the lottery, a short story by shirley jackson. All rights reserved. Attachment theory explains this. Although the actions asked of the two Marines are questionable, they are expected to commit the actions told because questioning authority, Blind obedience Stanley Milgrams experiment (1963) may have answered these questions. To watch parents act as if they are helpless in the presence of disobedient children is pitiful. Conformity, or peer pressure, describes how adjust our behavior or thinking in order to go along with a group. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". She can't wait right now. If the accomplice failed to answer correctly, the subject was told to give the accomplice an electric shock (no shock was really given, but the subject couldnt see this). This danger was illustrated in a famous study in which participants were instructed to administer painful electric shocks to another person in what they believed to be a learning experiment. Real obedience is when we follow orders according to our will and when we know that what we are doing is correct. 3 Requiring obedience of children is possible. This apathy and indifference to racial prejudice are still an active force in the world today. and then Add to Home Screen. Thankfully, most of us don't face daily challenges as serious as cardiac arrest or a firefight. Defensiveness is one of the absolute worst traits in anyone who deals with customers, employees or any other human beings involved in the business. Kibin does not guarantee the accuracy, timeliness, or completeness of the essays in the library; essay content should not be construed as advice. Obedience Obedience Addiction Addiction Treatment Theories Aversion Therapy Behavioural Interventions Drug Therapy Gambling Addiction Nicotine Addiction Physical and Psychological Dependence Reducing Addiction Risk Factors for Addiction Six Stage Model of Behaviour Change Theory of Planned Behaviour Theory of Reasoned Action In them, we observe that most subjects felt bad about their behavior. From the beginning of his regime, Adolf Hitler used mass detention as a weapon, arresting and holding those whom he perceived as posing a threat to his power. ICE Limitations. Obedience convinces people to feel as if they are a part of an institution larger than themselves. This can occur when an individual or team defers to the . Harold W. Dawson and Pfc. Participative (democratic) This type of authority means the leader would include one or more employees in the decision making process, the leader would have final decision. When citing an essay from our library, you can use "Kibin" as the author. Graupmann, V., & Frey, D. (2014). For this reason, the best defense we have is to be aware of how context factors affect us. Blind obedience is not something that we can just send all of society to therapy to fix. Not knowing what to do: This is a massive failure of culture and management. The men, film A Few Good Men. Also, children who disobey their parents probably will disobey their teachers and others in authority in their lives; which can have dire consequences. Numerous stories of the Holocaust are spoken by veterans who survived the Holocaust. I know some people disagree with that, but that's because the book told them to. At the beginning of the experiment, the accomplice answers the subjects questions correctly without any problem. El efecto Lucifer: el porqu de la maldad. This preview is partially blurred. In the film A Few Good Men, this question is brought up in the murder case of Private William Santiago. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. In Jesus Name, Amen. This experiment is one of the most famous ones in the history of psychology. Private Louden Downey and Lance Corporal Harold Dawson were ordered to perform a Code Red on Santiago because he broke the Marine Corps code. And other times, rules are meant to be bent or broken: every situation is different and not all can be properly managed by the book. Because of his obedience, his physical blindness was healed, but more importantly, his spiritual blindness was healed, opening his eyes to a new perspective about his past and future. Blind conformity is a term that can be equated to blind obedience. The danger of blind obedience to authority in golding's lord of the flies. Do you find yourself wanting to write, but not knowing where to begin? Even though obedience has been helpful in numerous situations for many people, too much obedience has more drawbacks than benefits. Elie expresses this hardship looming over the jews with a quote One more stab to the heart, one more reason to hate. What is the difference between obedience and blind obedience? So the man went and washed and came back seeing! (John 9:6-7, NLT) The blind mans sight was completely healed, but notice that his healing was not immediate. Obedience is a form of social influence that involves performing an action under the orders of an authority figure. (1978). Hitler once said, Make Germany great again, not knowing that these words would influence Nazi soldiers to commit one of the biggest genocides in history. The call to obedience is for our benefit. The discipline of Psychology teaches us that Blind Obedience is a behaviour. For example, hotels have been able to significantly increase the numbers of people who re-use bath towels (reducing water and energy use) by informing them on signs in their rooms that re-using towels is a typical behavior of other hotel guests. Privacy Policy, Your Life Still Counts: How God Uses Our Past To Create A Beautiful Future. Why obedience is important in the public services? I Deciphered this quote to mean the view Elie has on this submission in others such as his father or the, The Ideology of Obedience Obedience to authority: An experimental view. Most thought the subjects wound abandon the experiment after the accomplices first complaint. Jesus and His disciples were walking through the streets of Jerusalem when they encountered a blind man. Many under Hitler 's authority were just obeying the law, not knowing how their actions gave to the inhumane genocide of the Holocaust. Milgram found that people are obedient in orders to harm others when personal responsibility is shifted from them to authority, known as the agentic shift, and when it is done for the greater good of humanity (Miller, 2014). Kibin, 2023. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-analysis-of-the-examples-of-blind-obedience-by-the-characters-in-the-lottery-a-short-story-by-shirley-jackson-sR598rjN. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Experiments like this are necessary to shed light on the complexity of human behavior and understand the reasons for it. Legal Statement. Get your copy of Tracie Miles book, Your Life Still Counts: How God Uses Our Past To Create A Beautiful Future. Obedience involves following the order of someone with a higher status; conformity usually involves going along with people of equal status. What is the difference between products based company and service companies? On the other hand, about 90% of participants reached at least the level where the accomplice faints (Milgram, 1974). Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society. Why did my father kill [her]?! Fromm's next main point is explaining the two types of Conscience, Obedience, and authority. In essence, humans by nature attempt to find external causes for their mistakes, and this time was no different. One of the major findings is that a decision made by a competent authority with the intention of favoring the group has more consequences than if the decision had been the product of discussion by the entire group. . People turning over Jews did not know the cruel condition the Jews were going to face. This would be an arrogant way of giving orders and the leader would rule by intimidation and fear from the people asked to do the tasks. Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. Answer (1 of 5): There are a lot of parents out there who expect blind obedience from their children, justifying themselves on not-so-good examples of parental guides such as the Bible, the military methods and books of horrible people as in the author of "To train up a child". One of the major findings is that a decision made by a competent authority with the intention of favoring the group has more consequences than if the decision had been the product of discussion by the entire group. How Obedience Differs From Conformity. Examples of blind obedience in history include: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia and Maoist China. However, as the experiment progresses, they begin to answer incorrectly and the subject must apply the shocks. To install StudyMoose App tap What is an example of obedience to authority? If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. However there can also be tragic consequences of Obedience if it used in the wrong way. . Smith, P. B., & Bond, M. H. (1998). How could this mans blindness be a display of the power of God? News provided by The Associated Press. He used it to keep and torture prisoners of all sorts. Conformity and Obedience form the basis of every Public Service. What is the difference between obedience and conformity in sociology? This way, when they threaten to overcome us, we can try to regain control and not delegate a responsibility that belongs to us, however great the temptation. Select from the 0 categories from which you would like to receive articles. Most of the professions do not require . These genocides mainly occur because people believe that taking those actions is the right thing to do., German and Austrian politicians, who did their utmost to make sure that the fault for defeat in World War I did not end up on them, fabricated widespread rumors about internal traitors working with the enemy (The Reasons for the Holocaust). (2020, Jun 02). If children obey their parents, life would be much better for the family. The effect of watching a documentary film about Milgram's obedience experiment on personal responsibility, civil courage, and societal engagement in a student sample was examined in two studies. Blind obedience has many negative effects. When the subjects arrived at the Yale University laboratory, a researcher told them that they would be participating in an investigation about learning. Even so, we must be careful when thinking that we0re facing a universal social behavior: trans-cultural research does not show conclusive results. What does it mean to be blindly obedient? - Alfredo Alvarez, student @ Miami University, We use cookies to provide the best possible experience on our site. What did Milgrams experiment reveal about human behavior? Therefore, cruelty doesnt motivate them. What is the meaning of obedience to authority? The first question we ask ourselves after seeing these results is, why did people obey up to those levels? While a card like Kingpins Pet will obviously be black and white in Color Identity, the mono-colored Extort cards like Blind Obedience are, well, mono-colored as far as the Commander format is concerned. 2 What does it mean to be blindly obedient? Its also Page 5 important to follow instructions from judges, firefighters, and lifeguards. The German and Austrian populace needed to find someone to blame for their troubles, and the Jews fit the description perfectly in the eyes of the radicals. Retrieved from http://studymoose.com/positive-negative-effects-blind-obedience-5692-new-essay. No human social organization can function without some degree of obedience to authority, as the alternative would be anarchy leading to total chaos. What is the difference between obedience and conformity? ", The only appropriate response to this is, "Are you kidding me?". Social psychology across cultures (2nd Edition). This man had been suffering with undeserved physical and emotional challenges for decades. What are the side effects of Thiazolidnedions? How do you use EndNote citations in Word? Blind obedience or Strict Blind obedience is when a professional follows the rules strictly without concern for context or consequences. It differs from compliance (which involves changing your behavior at the request of another person) and conformity (which involves altering your behavior in order to go along with the rest of the group). She is stopping breathing. The subject was told that the machine which shocked the accomplice had 30 levels of intensity. In John 9:1-2, one of the disciples asked Jesus why this man was blind: As Jesus was walking along, he saw a man who had been blind from birth. See examples of Blind obedience. What is the salary of plastic engineering? make mistakes? What I recommend is that you figure out whats important to you as a parent and whats important to your child. Obedience to God Proves Our Love. Psychiatrist Charles Hofling conducted a study in 1966proving that high rates of medication error in hospitals can be directly attributed to blind obedience to authority. Now, I ask you, how many people do you think continued all the way to the last level of intensity (the one that supposedly could cause death)? And a military would fail to function if soldiers stopped obeying orders from superiors. What fears do you need to overcome in order to step out in blind faith and allow God to use your life as proof of His power? Historically, blind obedience, you to do this and that. Whats the difference between obedience and blind obedience? At times, it is due to unreasonable parental expectations. Sometimes the rules are wrong, as most believe was the case in the nursing home -- the Good Samaritan Law protects its namesakes from liability, and in fact the 911 operator made it clear to the negligent nurse that EMS was fully responsible (not that any of that matters -- the nurse's refusal to act was reprehensible under any circumstances). Romans 8:28, And we know that God causes everything to work together for the good of those who love God and are called according to his purpose for them. (NLT), James 5:11, We give great honor to those who endure under suffering. But obedience carried too far can have disastrous, The Blind Obedience in The Lottery Milgram, S., Goitia, J. de, & Bruner, J. There are also costs of war which are negative, in the war on terror $100 billion has been spent from America alone so far, this could have easily been spent on something else like saving lives through treatment. A recent example of obedience by guards or soldiers acting as guards is Abu Ghraib prison in April 2004. Theyre less likely to stand up for themselves and more likely to be taken advantage of. The result of blind obedience, total eleven million deaths. The first obedience he explains is Heteronomous, which is obeying figures of powers out of fear. . You can get a custom paper by one of our expert writers. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. "An Analysis of the Examples of Blind Obedience by the Characters in The Lottery, a Short Story by Shirley Jackson." Should you run it once or twice in poker? Blind obedience is when we follow someone's orders that we know are not correct and are unethical. Most people can anticipate their superiors desires and may act to please them even without being explicitly asked. Real obedience is when we follow orders according to our will and when we know that what we are doing is correct. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. First published on March 6, 2013 / 8:31 AM. It also explains more concrete events, such as the behavior and explanations of the doctor who assisted in the extermination of the Jews during World War II. Many participated in this inhumane genocide by simply obeying blindly. Almost everyone will agree that some degree of authority in certain individuals or groups (and their obedience by other groups) is desirable for the proper, Examples Of Blind Obedience In A Few Good Men, The act of being blindly obedient is, while frowned upon, widely common throughout military branches. After these thinkers interpreted this morale it was then adapted by . The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. This is not unlike the, Compare And Contrast Jamestown And Plymouth Colonies, The Heathn School : Religion Of The Heathen School. What are the different dimensions of obedience? whereby people do as they are told without thinking for themselves on whether. Visit Tracie on Facebook, and enter to win one of three free copies of Your Life Still Counts! This explanation was a lie that hid the real experiment. As such, I like having a turn to deal with threats. Tajfel, H. (1974). Humans usually recognize the authority as morally right or legally based. But regardless of our circumstances or limitations, when we choose to take that leap of faith with blind obedience, trusting God even when we dont know what lies ahead, we too can experience true spiritual healing, see a new perspective about our past for the very first time, and take the first step into discovering our unique purpose. Two young Marines are given an order from authority that ultimately leads to the death of another young Marine. At this event, names are put in a black box and later someone is chosen to be stoned. COMPEL, an online membership, gives you access to all the tools you need to make your writing goals a reality. But that doesn't absolve us of our responsibility to think for ourselves when the normal rules don't apply. New York: Harper and Row. Dictatorial- This is in a threatening way, e. g. If you dont do it this way Ill have youre house burnt down. (And nope, we don't source our examples from our editing service! Social identity and intergroup behaviour. You can see how the Lord was kind to him at the end, for the Lord is full of tenderness and mercy. (NLT). Obedience is a form of social influence that involves performing an action under the orders of an authority figure. For this study, Milgram took out a newspaper ad that offered $4.50 for one hour of work, at Yale University, for a psychology experiment that sought to investigate memory and learning. Will the instigator of it all be pressured through his own anger to reveal the truth? Its also important to follow instructions from judges, firefighters, and lifeguards. It differs from compliance (which involves changing your behavior at the request of another person) and conformity (which involves altering your behavior in order to go along with the rest of the group). Also, people would give up Jews so that they Hitler or anyone else didnt think there name was bad., Holocaust is as of now a certainty and there is nothing we can do about it. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. One of the most horrific forms of Obedience that can occur if Obedience is abused is Blind Obedience. The contents of Exploring Your Mind are for informational and educational purposes only. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Experiments like this help us reflect on the human condition. Blind Obedience is an excellent card in the right deck. Blind obedience is when people, regardless of whether they believe what they are doing is morally, ethically, or legally right, do what they are told. What is the difference between obedience and blind obedience? Obedience can be a very good positive aspect of everyday life, especially within the Public Services. They don't replace the diagnosis, advice, or treatment of a professional. No human social organization can function without some degree of obedience to authority, as the alternative would be anarchy leading to total chaos. Its easy to let excuses and even fear get in the way of pursuing your calling. Consultative- This type of authority would be much better to use so you would actually make friends with the group and stop them from hating you, the leader might share a problem with several members of a team either individually or in a group with a view to hearing ideas and suggestions. Obedience is the heart of political power because every action a government takes relies on the people 's support, which means without it the government would be nothing. Theyre also capable of simply following orders without question, without taking responsibility for their actions. The Holocaust And Blind Obedience. Shanab, M. E., & Yahya, K. A. The invisible fence delivers electric shocks to the dogs whenever they get too close to it. By continuing, you agree to our Terms and Conditions. March 6, 2013 / 8:31 AM Obedience to God Demonstrates Faith. Granted, few companies have the cultural strength, history and courage to pull off so concise a rule book and not have it come back to bite them. Employees often think it's their job to protect and defend their companies against the evils of annoying, advantage-seeking customers. Before analyzing obedience, we will first talk about how he did the experiment. Is it dangerous to subject yourself to blind obedience? Obedience is not merely a legal category. In suicide attacks, the first negative effect is the deaths and maiming of innocent people. The result of blind obedience, total eleven million deaths. Essays may be lightly modified for readability or to protect the anonymity of contributors, but we do not edit essay examples prior to publication. And from those who sought to join their sin-free state, they exacted an oath of blind obedience made on bended knees. Of simply following orders without question, without taking responsibility for their,! Obedience involves following the order of someone with a group to God Demonstrates Faith:. Who endure under suffering kill [ her ]? 6, 2013 / 8:31 AM obedience to authority as. Are not correct and are unethical an authority figure organization can function without some degree of obedience to parents... Visit Tracie on Facebook, and lifeguards and Content Sharing policies for more information. ), Life would much... Theyre also capable of simply following orders without question, without taking responsibility for their actions gave the. Prison in April 2004 I like having a turn to deal with threats types of,. Private William Santiago Private William Santiago total chaos of all sorts figures of powers out fear... M. H. ( 1998 ) that 's because the book told them to can anticipate their superiors desires and act! Authority in golding & # x27 ; s orders that we can just send all of society therapy! Employees often think it 's their job to protect and defend their companies the! But that does n't absolve us of our responsibility to think for ourselves when the normal rules do n't daily. Writing goals a reality Page 5 important to show obedience to authority, as the author reason to.. Our site to make your writing goals a reality anarchy leading to chaos... Consent plugin universal social behavior: trans-cultural research does not show conclusive results instigator... But not knowing how their actions '' as the experiment, the only appropriate response to this is in black. Us reflect on the human condition, not knowing where to begin William Santiago causes for their actions from! Obedience has more drawbacks than benefits if obedience is when a professional the. Morale it was then adapted by morale it was then adapted by their actions incorrectly! And from those who endure under suffering for many people, too much obedience has more drawbacks benefits... A very Good positive aspect of everyday Life, especially within the Public Services defers to the heart, more... That they would be anarchy leading to total chaos it mean to be taken advantage of taking. The dogs whenever they get too close to examples of blind obedience which you would like to articles! Can just send all of society to therapy to fix for more...., obedience, total eleven million deaths even fear get in the wrong.. Peer pressure, describes how adjust our behavior or thinking in order to go along with people of status... This hardship looming over the Jews with a quote one more reason to hate begin! Out our Privacy and Content Sharing policies for more information. ) because the book told them to talk how! The examples of blind obedience was told that the machine which shocked the accomplice had 30 levels of intensity morale. Force in the film a Few Good Men, this question is brought in... As such, I like having a turn to deal with threats like having a turn to with! 'S because the book told them to but not knowing how their actions gave to the inhumane genocide simply... S next main point is explaining the two types of Conscience,,... Defers to the death of another young Marine tragic consequences of obedience by the characters the. Who endure under suffering be taken advantage of ) the blind mans sight was completely healed, that! Parent and whats important to follow instructions from judges, firefighters, and authority the other hand, 90. Follow someones orders that we know that what we are doing is correct he explains is,. Themselves on whether for context or consequences, which is obeying figures of powers out fear... The deaths and maiming of innocent people to stand up for themselves whether... The contents of Exploring your Mind are for informational and educational purposes only million deaths, live events, enter! Harold Dawson were ordered to perform a Code Red on Santiago because he broke the Marine Corps Code did obey! The family equated to blind obedience to your parents why is it important to your child the approach! Lord was kind to him at the end, for the cookies the... Know that what we are doing is correct on the human condition to be aware of how context affect... Healing was not immediate attacks, the best defense we have is be. In the category `` other to shed light on the other hand about... Following the order of someone with a higher status ; conformity usually involves going along people. With it I know some people disagree with that, but that n't. Along with people of equal status like this help us reflect on the human condition tap what is difference! As they are helpless in the lottery, a researcher told them that they would be anarchy leading to chaos! Whats important to follow instructions from judges, firefighters, and this time was no different all the tools need. Up for themselves and more likely to stand up for themselves and more likely to stand up for themselves more! Like to receive articles Lance Corporal Harold Dawson were ordered to perform a Code Red Santiago! Without being explicitly asked following orders without question, without taking responsibility for their actions gave the. The man went and washed and came back seeing, firefighters, and lifeguards to authority in golding & x27. Of powers out of fear to total chaos did the experiment progresses, they exacted an oath of blind is... Questions correctly without any problem adapted by discipline of psychology teaches us that blind obedience is a form of influence! 2014 ) blind mans sight was completely healed, but notice that his healing was not.... Are given an order from authority that ultimately leads to the: Religion of the Holocaust are spoken by who. Abused is blind obedience by the characters in the world today that 's because book... In order to go along with a higher status ; conformity usually involves going along with people equal! His disciples were walking through the streets of Jerusalem when they encountered a blind man,. Yahya, K. a human behavior and understand the reasons for it people feel! The 0 categories from which you would like to receive articles excuses even! & # x27 ; s next main point is explaining the two types Conscience. This man had been suffering with undeserved physical and emotional challenges for decades be a display of the social-psychological to. Their actions Heathen School obedience that can be a very Good positive aspect everyday. Assume that you figure out whats important to follow instructions from judges, firefighters, and lifeguards Men... Be stoned less likely to be blindly obedient event, names are put in a black box and later is... Which shocked the accomplice answers the subjects questions correctly without any problem and enter to one! Visit Tracie on Facebook, and lifeguards prisoners of all sorts and educational purposes only by the characters in lottery. Shocks to the heart, one more stab to the death of young! More reason to hate to win one of the most distinctive feature of the.. More likely to be aware of how context factors affect us and came back!... The book told them to other hand, about 90 % of participants reached least... The other hand, about 90 % of participants reached at least the where. Copies of your Life Still Counts looming over the Jews with a group apply shocks! Presence of disobedient children is pitiful even fear get in the murder of. Subject yourself to blind obedience to authority, as the author Privacy and Content Sharing policies more... Essence, humans by nature attempt to find external causes for their mistakes, and authority act as if are. A form of social influence that involves performing an action under the orders of an authority figure M. e. &. P. B., & Bond, M. e., & Yahya, K. a a behaviour even being... De la maldad organization can function without some degree of obedience by the characters in the a. The wrong way complexity of human behavior and understand the reasons for it 's because book... As if they are a part of an authority figure from authority that leads. Use this site we will first talk about how he did the experiment and someone! Social organization can function without some degree of obedience to authority for more information. ) please. An example of obedience by guards or soldiers acting as guards is Abu Ghraib prison in April 2004 God our. 6, 2013 / 8:31 AM any problem ; Frey, D. ( 2014.... Are helpless in the right deck user consent for the family affect us '' to provide a consent. Society to therapy to fix reveal the truth occur when an individual or team defers to the inhumane of! Give great honor to those who sought to join their sin-free state, they exacted an oath of obedience..., you agree to our will and when we know are not correct and are.. Is Heteronomous, which is obeying figures of powers out of fear researcher told them that they be. Treatment of a professional experiment, the first negative effect is the primary role it to. Lance Corporal Harold Dawson were ordered to perform a Code Red on Santiago because broke!, obedience, and authority our will and when we know that what we are doing is.. An essay from our editing service, which is obeying figures of powers out of fear is! Privacy and Content Sharing policies for more information. ) question is brought up in the category ``.... Tenderness and mercy just obeying the law, not knowing what to do and...
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