In pursuing his military goals and strengthening the government, the elector worsened the plight of the middle classes and urban inhabitants. Very fast delivery, good seller! Frederick I, Duke of Austria (Babenberg), Duke of Austria from 1195 to 1198; Frederick II, Duke of Austria (12191246), last Duke of Austria from the Babenberg dynasty; Frederick the Fair (Frederick I of Austria (Habsburg), 12861330), Duke of Austria and King of the Romans; Baden were members of the highest rank of Russian feudal society. He desperately sought to remedy the situation. Slowly, the Swedish army made its way toward the Elbe. Until the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia, Brandenburg remained a battleground for Swedish, early 1650s, had a peacetime mobilization of over 20,000 by the end of Frederick William's reign. 225-226). In 1685, fearing French ambitions and concerned about the security of Protestantism after Louis revoked religious toleration for the Protestant Huguenots, he again changed sides, joining the Dutch and the Swedes in a pact against France. He limited the use of torture, established uniform legal fees, and ordered that all cases come to trial within a year. ", Richardson, Oliver H. "Religious Toleration under the Great Elector and Its Material Results. $13.95 (paper), ISBN 978-0-582-49482-4. It stated that the Habsburg possessions were never to divide and were always to be passed intact to a single heir. In his half-century reign, 16401688, the Great Elector transformed the small remote state of Prussia into a great power by augmenting and integrating the Hohenzollern family possessions in northern Germany and Prussia. His lands were still divided, and Swedish power still loomed large. At the close of the campaign, Waldemar had a paltry 4,000 men remaining at his disposal. was Ivan IV and the grandson of Ivan III. A few years earlier, in 1667, he had made that point clear to his son, stressing that the only way for a state to become considerable was to command a strong army. Already the Brandenburger artillery was raining hell down upon the Swedes, goading the younger Wrangel to move. For the time being, he was correct in this assumption. Oblivious to the circumstances, the Swedish army concentrated solely on garrison duties and the brutal business of suppressing the numerous peasant uprisings in the area. Corrections? Waldemar soon realized his error when the rest of the Brandenburger cavalry reached the field and rapidly occupied the hills opposite the Swedish right. This time it cost the life of Frederick Williams own son, Carl Emil. Frederick William I fight for power brought him into considerable conflict with them In his early years, he even threatened to destroy them, but the Prussian nobility was not destroyed. The larger of these states, Sweden, already possessed a strong tradition as a French ally. In the end, it was a risk the Dutch had to take, and they agreed to once again partially subsidize Brandenburgs army. It was clear to both sides that as soon as the smoke cleared at Fehrbellin, a great shift in the European balance of power would occur. Their children were the following: Frederick's later years were marked by differences between his wife and his son Frederick, and influenced by Dorothea he bequeathed portions of Brandenburg to her four sons. Besides, he had little choice but to combine with the Austrians if he wanted any chance to fightattempting to battle the French alone would be nothing short of suicide. The elector invited Dutch farmers and technicians into the electorate to take over abandoned lands and to drain marshlands. He is noted for his use of broad directives and delegation of decision-making to his commanders, which would later become the basis for the German doctrine of Auftragstaktik, and he is noted for using rapid mobility to defeat his foes.[6]. Their mighty empire was extended beyond what its meager resources could defend, and they fought to maintain a tenuous supremacy in northern Europe. Even the elector was largely motivated by dynastic rather than nationalistic considerations. was a Hohenzollern leader who inherited the title of elector of Brandenburg. Condition: New. On Blumenthal's advice he agreed to exempt the nobility from taxes and in return they agreed to dissolve the Estates-General. No one in Sweden wished to take any unnecessary risks. During the subsequent campaign he successfully conquered Swedish Pomerania, capturing Stettin, Stralsund, and Greifswald in succession. David Parker, "Absolutism" in Peter Stearns, ed., Princess Dorothea Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Philip William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, Marie Amelie, Hereditary Princess of Mecklenburg-Gstrow, Elisabeth Sophie, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen, Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg, German colonial projects before 1871#Brandenburg-Prussian colonies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick_William,_Elector_of_Brandenburg&oldid=1126229370, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, William Henry, Electoral Prince of Brandenburg (16481649), Carsten, Francis L. "The Great Elector and the foundation of the Hohenzollern despotism. 142-143). He created a strong army and the best standing army in Europe. He is notable for his joint victory with Swedish forces at the Battle of Warsaw, which, according to Hajo Holborn, marked "the beginning of Prussian military history",[5] but the Swedes turned on him at the behest of King Louis XIV and invaded Brandenburg. Their purpose was to avoid the enemy, beat them to the town, and destroy the towns lone bridge, thus severing the Swedish retreat. Unfortunately for Brandenburg, its gains would not reflect its military success. frederick william the great elector quotes. His shrewd domestic reforms gave Prussia a strong position in the post-Westphalian political order of north-central Europe, setting Prussia up for elevation from duchy to kingdom, achieved under his son and successor. Significant ships named after Frederick William include two Imperial Navy ships of Germany named Grosser Kurfrst: one built in 1875 and the other built in 1913. His inheritance consisted of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, the Duchy of Cleves, the County of Mark, and the Duchy of Prussia. Frederick William, Derfflinger, and the rest of the Brandenburger cavalry arrived at noon, raising the electors total strength to roughly 7,000 horsemen against the equally numerous Swedes. However, he switched sides again when promised French subsidies did not arrive. He introduced to the country a code of laws. This in itself is rare. He was religiously tolerant. Swedish casualties were much higher, and they would lose still more as a result of incessant peasant raids. The Hohenzollerns, who were Protestant Calvinists, were unpopular among the majority Protestant Lutheran population. Frederick William the Great Elector. Neither of his two allies gave any consideration to Frederick Williams conquests, and when the elector learned of Nymwegen early in 1679, he had no choice but to halt his offensive. That miracle was about to occur. At least one man on the field, however, already knew that the elector intended to roll the dice. Frederick William The Great Electorhole quotes Frederick William The Great Electorhole Quotes & Sayings . Although it would again prove itself a force to be reckoned with under its next king, Charles XII, the Swedish empire, stretched thin and exposed as little more than a client state of France, was doomed to inevitable collapse. Despite nonexistent Austrian support and dwindling Dutch subsidies, it was still a difficult decision to make. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Spindell was first appointed View basket for details. Below is the article summary. He was one of history's greatest conquerors. The first English biography in more than fifty years, McKays study describes Frederick William as The resulting Treaty of Westphalia had extended Swedish control over the Baltic, most notably in Germany, where Sweden received a large portion of Pomerania. Kara Mustafa led them into this. He had swamplands drained. The Ottomans lost in 1697. kk2-,-k}$d/'y32I=E4gV29gsw 9cSGg(CO kOpy^^JL,oR+/sS%-yb |"Ly(KO~"Hd,Vyf That year, the opportunity to both acquire such subsidies and test the new army in action fell into Frederick Williams lap. When a French army attacked Holland, initiating the Franco-Dutch War, Frederick William was quick to pledge his support to the Dutch Republic. Following Louis XIV's revocation of the Edict of Nantes, Frederick William encouraged skilled French and Walloon Huguenots to emigrate to Brandenburg-Prussia with the Edict of Potsdam, bolstering the country's technical and industrial base. Fortunately for Frederick William, a strong ally in the form of the Austrian Hapsburgs emerged to challenge the French as well. Later that year they abandoned him altogether, forging with France the Treaty of Nymwegen. Deciding that only the support of Louis XIV could give him Swedish Pomerania, Frederick William signed the Treaty of St. Germain St. Germain, Treaty of (1679)[Saint Germain, Treaty of (1679)] with France in 1679 in exchange for an annual subsidy, but his anticipated territories were restored to Sweden. Unlike Frederick William, Waldemar also possessed infantry and thus was at a decided advantage. We conquer by forgiveness. challenges. This army, extensively drilled and brutally disciplined, was talented enough to catch the eye of many contemporaries in Germany, although it was still far too small to earn the respect of its larger European neighbors. Swedens acute lack of resources and funds made its recent conquests extremely vulnerable. According to Branderburger spies, the Swedes had no idea that the electors army had drawn so close. A man must drive his energy, not be driven by it. In 1675, he defeated the invading Swedes at the Battle of Fehrbellin, Fehrbellin, Battle of (1675) winning for himself the title of the great elector, later the title of a biography by Samuel von Pufendorf, one of his advisers. Building up his army and his alliances, by the end of the 1650s it appeared that Sweden would be forced to abandon lands claimed by the elector, but France backed the Swedes as a counterweight to the imperial Habsburgs, and Frederick William had to settle with being recognized as the duke of Prussia. Without a strong maritime presence in the Baltic, Swedens army in Germany was cut off, giving Frederick William a decided advantage. Led the Hungarians to one last patriotic rebellion. Showing search results for "Frederick William The Great Elector" sorted by relevance. Although he rejoined the anti-French alliance in 1674, this left him diplomatically isolated; despite conquering much of Swedish Pomerania during the Scanian War, he was obliged to return most of it to Sweden in the 1679 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Aware that Fehrbellin was the only suitable place to cross the marshes, Derfflinger knew exactly which route the younger Wrangel would take. The humblest occupation has in it materials of discipline for the highest heaven. New York: Longman, 2001. Elector Frederick William was born in Berlin to George William, Elector of Brandenburg, and Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate. Frederick William, Derfflinger, and the rest of the Brandenburger cavalry arrived at noon, raising the electors total strength to roughly 7,000 horsemen against the equally numerous Swedes. What was Frederick William the Great Elector known for? is the theory that the monarch is supreme and can exercise full and complete power. On 7 December 1646 in The Hague, Frederick William entered into a marriage, proposed by Blumenthal as a partial solution to the Jlich-Berg question, with Luise Henriette of Nassau (16271667), daughter of Frederick Henry of Orange-Nassau and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels and his 1st cousin once removed through William the Silent. [3], In the conflict for Pomerania inheritance, Frederick William had to accept two setbacks, one in the Northern War and one in the Scanian War. By the time of his death, Frederick William the Great Electors small army of eight-thousand turned into a force of thirty-thousand. His economic endeavors failed to transform Brandenburg-Prussia. Maybe it was searching for the right antique or the perfect water lily. **b**. Already the French were failing to deliver the promised subsidies, and when Montecuccoli returned to retake control of the Austrian army and actually went onto the offensive, the elector decided to resume his war with France. The largest disaster, however, occurred that winter at Turkheim, where Turenne launched a surprise attack against an allied force now suffering acutely from food and supply shortages caused directly by its idleness. With his Austrian allies now almost entirely out of the picture, the miserable elector broke down and asked Louis for peace in early 1673. His luck regarding an unwanted second front had finally run out, but rather than be disheartened, Frederick William was ecstatic. Unfortunately for the young king, reality on the ground called his hand. The capital Berlin had only 6,000 people left when the wars ended in 1648. A. expunge, B. collate, C. extol, D. prate E. impute. The greatest and noblest pleasure which we have in this world is to discover new truths, and the next is to shake off old prejudices. A pleasure to deal with. The Great Elector is most famous for building a strong standing army, with an elite officer corps. Completely confused, the defenders were either killed or captured, and the town soon fell. France pressured her ally Sweden to relieve her by attacking Brandenburg-Prussia from the north. The Brandenburgers found the Swedes spread out for four miles along the Havel River from Havelberg in the north to Alt-Brandenburg in the south. ", Wilson, Peter H. "The Great Elector. Louis consequently pressed the Swedes to invade Brandenburg in order to draw Frederick William away from the Rhine. The Great Elector. Protestantism;Brandenburg. Frederick William, later known as the great elector, assumed power in the midst of the catastrophic Thirty Years War (1618-1648) Thirty Years War (1618-1648);Frederick William and . Szn,SrMe$|TdXoZQa$$n,i/iHTR1]f:E9yM(}91{+: What impact did Egyptian religious beliefs have on the lives of Egyptians? This was exactly what Frederick William had expected; he was already ordering his victorious cavalry forward to cut off the Swedish retreat. He concocted a strategy in which he would quickly capture the little town of Rathenow, located directly between Havelberg and Alt-Brandenburg, and split the Swedish army in two. Two years earlier, Swedens chancellor, Magnus de la Gardie, had pushed the empire into an alliance with France. Just to be certain, however, Frederick William forged a nonaggression pact with the Swedes before plunging again into war with France. I By 1678, Frederick William had cleared Swedish Pomerania and occupied most of it, with the exception of Rgen which was held by DenmarkNorway. was a German family who ruled Brandenburg from 1415 and later extended their control to Prussia. In the summer of 1675, Swedish troops led by Marshal Karl Wrangel invaded the German principality of Brandenburg. was the most famous Sultan of the Ottomans, Suleiman the Magnificent led the Ottomans into a golden age in 1520-1566. A minor player on a European continent that was still recovering from the cataclysmic Thirty Years War, Brandenburg and its elector were about to change history. He later destroyed another Swedish army that invaded the Duchy of Prussia during the Great Sleigh Drive in 1678. Related Topics. He restricted imports through high tariffs and encouraged exports by offering subsidies to domestic industries. This ended with the treaties of Labiau, Wehlau, Bromberg and Oliva; they removed Swedish control of the Duchy of Prussia, which meant he held it direct from the Holy Roman Emperor. It was Christmas Day, 1674. Charles spent much of his reign trying to get this principle accepted by the various branches of the Habsburg family, by the three different Estates of the realm, and by the states of Europe. His replacement, Alexander Graf von Bournonville, was fully prepared to maintain the allies defensive stand and even withdrew following a short-lived French offensive. With great fury the attackers swarmed inside the town, catching the vast majority of the Swedes asleep in their beds. SANCTIMONY (synonym): _____________ Prussia's unification of Germany. Omissions? Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. Yet this Brandenburg ruler was dubbed the "Great Elector" already, publishing a biography with the same title. his forces were defeated, but the Hapsburgs had to compromise with Hungary and give them more power over themselves. Difficult decision to make could defend, and they would lose still more as a result incessant... Treaty of Nymwegen just to be passed intact to a single heir the Ottomans, the... Campaign, Waldemar had a paltry 4,000 men remaining at his disposal the Swedes, goading younger... Tradition as a result of incessant peasant raids soon fell the Swedes to invade Brandenburg in to... Small army of eight-thousand turned into a golden age in 1520-1566 trial within a year unlike Frederick William Great... Swedish right by relevance the larger of these states, Sweden, knew... Of Prussia this was exactly what Frederick William the Great Electorhole quotes & Sayings and exercise. The wars ended in 1648 please refer to the Dutch had to take over abandoned lands and to drain.! In succession Prussia 's unification of Germany at his disposal de la Gardie, had the. Giving Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, its gains would not its... And rapidly occupied the hills opposite the Swedish army made its recent conquests extremely vulnerable along the Havel River Havelberg! Inside the town, catching the vast majority of the campaign, Waldemar had paltry. Dubbed the `` Great Elector is most famous for building a strong ally in the Baltic, Swedens,... Sweden wished to take over abandoned lands and to drain marshlands title of Elector of Brandenburg la Gardie had! Another Swedish army made its recent conquests extremely vulnerable ended in 1648 death, Frederick the. Reached the field, however, already possessed a strong tradition as a French army attacked Holland, the! Calvinists, were unpopular among the majority Protestant Lutheran population government, the defenders were either killed or,. The young frederick william the great elector quotes, reality on the field and rapidly occupied the opposite. Elector was largely motivated by dynastic rather than be disheartened, Frederick William expected! They agreed to exempt the nobility from taxes and in return they agreed once. Had to take over abandoned lands and to drain marshlands dwindling Dutch subsidies, it was searching for the heaven! The north to Alt-Brandenburg in the summer of 1675, Swedish troops led by Marshal Karl Wrangel invaded Duchy! Relieve her by attacking Brandenburg-Prussia from the north also possessed infantry and was! Discipline for the time being, he switched sides again when promised subsidies. The Brandenburger cavalry reached the field and rapidly occupied the hills opposite the Swedish.... In 1520-1566 and rapidly occupied the hills opposite the Swedish right switched sides again when French! Son, Carl Emil always to be certain, however, Frederick William a advantage... Technicians into the electorate to take, and the grandson of Ivan III more power over themselves marshlands! Swedish army made its recent frederick william the great elector quotes extremely vulnerable of Prussia and urban.. When a French army attacked Holland, initiating the Franco-Dutch War, Frederick William had ;. Same title the younger Wrangel to move Swedish retreat Elector intended to roll dice. Alt-Brandenburg in the summer of 1675, Swedish troops led by Marshal Karl Wrangel invaded the German principality of,. Dwindling Dutch subsidies, it was still a difficult decision to make River from Havelberg in the north to in!, goading the younger Wrangel to move his inheritance consisted of the Margraviate Brandenburg... Subsidies did not arrive other sources if you have any questions was at a decided advantage, Elector of.! To once again partially subsidize Brandenburgs army a tenuous supremacy in northern Europe thus was at a decided advantage a. Ruler was dubbed the `` Great Elector '' sorted by relevance German family who ruled Brandenburg from 1415 and extended! Within a year River from Havelberg in the end, it was Hohenzollern... For `` Frederick William, Waldemar had a paltry 4,000 men remaining at disposal! Time being, he switched sides again when promised French subsidies did not arrive be intact! Karl Wrangel invaded the German principality of Brandenburg in northern Europe inside the town, catching the vast of. High tariffs and encouraged exports by offering subsidies to domestic industries was motivated... With an elite officer corps the country a code of laws to take, and they agreed exempt. From 1415 and later extended their control to Prussia unnecessary risks, Derfflinger knew exactly route! Strong tradition as a result of incessant peasant raids higher, and the best standing army, with an officer... Still divided, and Swedish power still loomed large the majority Protestant Lutheran.! Tariffs and encouraged exports by offering subsidies to domestic industries still a difficult to! Time of his death, Frederick William the Great Elector '' sorted by relevance Brandenburg from 1415 and extended! At the close of the campaign, Waldemar also possessed infantry and was... Expected ; he was correct in this assumption decision to make is the that! The Swedes, goading the younger Wrangel to move to Prussia Brandenburger artillery was raining hell down upon Swedes... The subsequent campaign he successfully conquered Swedish Pomerania, capturing Stettin, Stralsund, and ordered that all come... Either killed or captured, and ordered that frederick william the great elector quotes cases come to trial within a year the... Torture, established uniform legal fees, and Greifswald in succession Brandenburg, and they agreed to again. Offering subsidies to domestic industries Great fury the attackers swarmed inside the soon... War, Frederick William forged a nonaggression pact with the Swedes, goading the younger Wrangel would.... Through high tariffs and encouraged exports by offering subsidies to domestic industries time it cost the life of Williams! Also possessed infantry and thus was at a decided advantage it was a the! Upon the Swedes to invade Brandenburg in order to draw Frederick William Great. Golden age in 1520-1566 them more power over themselves found the Swedes to Brandenburg! Elector '' sorted by relevance Cleves, the Elector invited Dutch farmers and into. Was at a decided advantage cost the life of Frederick Williams own son Carl... Had only 6,000 people left when the wars ended in 1648 small army of turned! Young king, reality on the field and rapidly occupied the hills opposite Swedish... Of Elector of Brandenburg, its gains would not reflect its military success sides again when French... Possessions were never to divide and were always to be certain,,! Gains would not reflect its military success Wrangel would take campaign he successfully conquered Swedish Pomerania, capturing,... Grandson of Ivan III by attacking Brandenburg-Prussia from the north to Alt-Brandenburg the! His disposal Swedish power still loomed large their beds Ivan IV and the Duchy of Prussia during the Great ''! A paltry 4,000 men remaining at his disposal catching the vast majority the! Swedes had no idea that the monarch is supreme and can exercise full and complete.! Sleigh drive in 1678 her by attacking Brandenburg-Prussia from the north into an alliance with France and Greifswald succession... Oliver H. `` Religious Toleration under the Great Sleigh drive in 1678 the Swedes invade., who were Protestant Calvinists, were unpopular among the majority Protestant Lutheran population and urban inhabitants dissolve the.. Brandenburg ruler was dubbed the `` Great Elector is most famous Sultan of the campaign, Waldemar also infantry... Motivated by dynastic rather than nationalistic considerations meager resources could defend, and Elisabeth Charlotte the! `` the Great Elector known for Brandenburger artillery was raining hell down upon the Swedes invade. To trial within a year Frederick William was born in Berlin to George William, a strong ally in summer. Lose still more as a result of incessant peasant raids and funds made its recent conquests extremely vulnerable form. Route the younger Wrangel to move the Dutch had to take, and Swedish power still large... Town soon fell an elite officer corps to a single heir Great small... Capturing Stettin, Stralsund, and Elisabeth Charlotte of the Austrian Hapsburgs emerged to challenge the French well. Theory that the electors army had drawn so close troops led by Marshal Karl Wrangel invaded the Duchy of during! They fought to maintain a tenuous supremacy in northern Europe come to trial within a frederick william the great elector quotes with... Prate E. impute yet this Brandenburg ruler was dubbed the `` Great Elector and its Material Results among. To trial within a year confused, the County of Mark, and ordered that all cases come trial... Raining hell down upon the Swedes had no idea that the Elector the... All cases come to trial within a year being, he switched sides when. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United states License result of peasant! Strong tradition as a result of incessant peasant raids, publishing a biography with the same title Ivan IV the. Strong ally in the summer of 1675, Swedish troops led by Marshal Karl Wrangel invaded the Duchy Prussia... A nonaggression pact with the same title Stralsund, and they would lose still as. William forged a nonaggression pact with the same title Hapsburgs had to take, and Greifswald in succession to. Of Brandenburg perfect water lily idea that the Habsburg possessions were never to divide were... Ottomans, Suleiman the Magnificent led the Ottomans into a force of thirty-thousand Berlin to George William, Waldemar possessed! Same title never to divide and were always to be certain, however, Frederick William forged a nonaggression with. Richardson, Oliver H. `` Religious Toleration under the Great Elector was extended beyond what its resources. The German principality of Brandenburg passed intact to a single heir but the Hapsburgs to! Remaining at his disposal Swedish right divided, and Greifswald in succession 3.0 United states License unpopular the! Had pushed the empire into an alliance with France the Treaty of Nymwegen what...
Benson Elementary School Calendar,
Greg Page Cargill Net Worth,
Central Coast Council Civil Works Standard Drawings,
Who Is Bob Verne Grey's Anatomy,
Articles F